Performing earns reward. Omitting is sinful.
Examples: 5 daily prayers, Zakat, Ramadan fasting, Hajj
Fard vs Wajib (Hanafi distinction):
Performing earns reward. Omitting has no sin.
Examples: Sunnah prayers, Miswaak, greeting with salam
Neutral — no reward or sin.
Examples: Most food, clothing choices, leisure activities
Avoiding earns reward. Doing incurs no sin (but displeases Allah).
Examples: Eating garlic before prayer, wasting water in wudu
Avoiding earns reward. Doing is sinful.
Examples: Pork, alcohol, riba, adultery, backbiting