Hajj is the fifth pillar, obligatory once in a lifetime for those who are able. Allah says (3:97): "And pilgrimage to the House is a duty unto Allah for mankind, for those who can find a way there."
The main rites are on 8th–12th of Dhul Hijjah.
A state of ritual consecration entered by wearing white seamless garments (for men) and modest clothing (for women). Prohibited: cutting hair/nails, perfume, hunting, marital relations.
1. Tawaf al-Qudum — 7 circuits around the Kaaba
2. Sa'i — 7 walks between Safa and Marwa (commemorating Hajar's search for water)
3. Arafah (9th Dhul Hijjah) — Standing on the plain of Arafah — the pinnacle of Hajj
4. Muzdalifah — Night stay and collecting pebbles
5. Rami — Stoning the three pillars at Mina (symbolising rejection of Shaitan)
6. Qurbani/Udhiyah — Animal sacrifice
7. Halq/Taqsir — Shaving or shortening hair
8. Tawaf al-Ifadah — Main circumambulation
9. Tawaf al-Wada — Farewell circuits
Consists of Ihram, Tawaf, and Sa'i. Can be performed any time of year.